Karl-Uwe Schmitz
Sludge scraper mechanisms – Removal of settled sludge
Sludge scraper mechanisms – Removal of settled sludge One of the most important treatment steps in wastewater and drinking water plants is sludge removal by sed…
Tube settler vs. plate settler – Best option for clarifier capacity improvement
One of the first technology for drinking water and wastewater treatment is sedimentation. Conventional sedimentation often utilizes large basins called clarifie…
Turbidity I wastewater treatment – How to reduce turbidity
Turbidity I Wastewater treatment – How to reduce turbidity? Turbidty in wastewater treatment describes the clarity or haziness of a wastewater sample. The level…
Tube settler design basics – Solid settling with lamella clarifiers
Already in 1904 Allen Hazen defined the laws of sedimentation. He noticed that a particle in water can only settle down when its sedimentation velocity Vs is hi…
Tube settler comparison – best lamella clarifier for high particle settling velocity
Allen Hazen defined in 1904 the law for sedimentation: Vs – settling velocity of a particle divided by settling height – has to be bigger as – Water flow Q divi…
How to calculate particle settling velocity – tube settlers I Stokes law
In 1851 George Gabriel Stokes defined how drag forces effect spherical objects in a viscous fluid in the formula: Fd = 6pi * u * R * v. An object in a viscous f…
Clarifier basics: How do clarifiers work I Clarifier design
Throughout history, sedimentation has served as a tried and true method for wastewater treatment. Gravity forces contaminants to settle downward in the surround…
Tube settler|Plate settler maintenance – How to clean tube settlers?
Tube settlers which are also known as plate settlers or lamella clarifiers are used in drinking- and wastewater treatment plants to settle out suspended solids.…
Wastewater treatment: Film fill plastic media and attached biofilm growth
Biological processes in wastewater treatment can be classified into two main categories: suspended growth and attached growth/ biofilm processes. In suspended g…
How does simultaneous nitrification/denitrification work in attached growth systems?
In Wastewater treatment denitrification describes the final step of the conversion from ammonium NH4+ to Nitrogen gas N2. After ammonium is oxidized by microorg…
Trickling filter design guideline – How do trickling filters work?
Trickling filters are biological reactors within wastewater treatment plants which are used to remove organic matter and/or ammonia from wastewater. Compared to…
Tube settler guideline – lamella clarifier design and CFD simulation (Video animation)
Apart from the selection of the right lamella clarifier module the design of lamella clarifier tanks requires several design considerations. More details on the…
MBR, MBBR and FBBR – Comparison of wastewater treatment technologies (PART 1)
MBR, MBBR and FBR are widely used technologies in wastewater treatment, especially for industrial applications with a high BOD loading such as food and beverage…