As a share of the total GDP of EU countries and the UK, this is more than double the annual €9 billion costs of droughts today: 0.15% of total GDP, compared to 0.07% today. Most of these impacts can be avoided by reducing carbon emissions to keep global warming well below 2°C by the end of the century, and by increasing the resilience of drought-sensitive sectors.
Climate change will cause more frequent and intense droughts in southern and western parts of Europe. This will lead to higher damages to economic sectors that depend on water availability, like agriculture, energy production and public water supply.
The researchers developed a new method of drought modelling to quantify these potential impacts across Europe’s regions. They found the highest increases in drought losses in southern and western parts of Europe, where drought conditions at 4°C could reduce regional agriculture economic output by 10%.
With no action, the economic costs as a share of GDP by 2100 could reach 0.3% in Romania and 0.24% in Bulgaria, the two countries with the highest projected losses in the EU. The impacts on Europe’s countries could be reduced by 40%-60% with appropriate mitigation and adaptation measures.
Action to lessen the impact of droughts
The study’s findings can help in targeting regional EU investments to address the unequal burden of drought impacts and the differences in adaptation capacities. The study recommends targeting adaptation measures in drought-sensitive regions and sectors, such as:
- increase the natural retention capacity of river basins, creating the conditions for storage
- water conservation and water saving practices;
- improve water-use efficiency in power production and industry;
- development of stress-resistant crops to enhance yield stability under water-shortage conditions.
Additional measures to lessen the impacts of droughts include economic diversification, insurance and other market tools, social safety nets, monitoring and data collection, and early warning and alert systems. The COPERNICUS Emergency Management Service (CEMS) produces real time drought information through the European Drought Observatory (EDO). The Observatory will be extended with a drought risk assessment under the ‘EDO for Resilience and Adaptation’ (EDORA) project, which aims to improve drought resilience and adaptation in EU Member States.
Background
The study is part of the JRC’s PESETA IV project, which aims to better understand the effects of climate change on Europe, for a number of climate change impact sectors, and how these effects could be avoided with mitigation and adaptation policies.
Climate change will cause more frequent and intense droughts in southern and western parts of Europe
Climate change and environmental degradation are an existential threat to Europe and the world. To overcome these challenges, the Commission has developed a new growth strategy, the European Green Deal, that will transform the EU into a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy, where:
- there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050
- economic growth is decoupled from resource use
- no person and no place is left behind
The European Green Deal will turn climate and environmental challenges into opportunities, and make the transition just and inclusive for all.
The European Commission also recently adopted an EU strategy on adaptation to climate change. The new strategy sets out how the EU can adapt to the unavoidable impacts of climate change and become climate resilient by 2050.
