River discharge data are crucial for managing water resources and predicting extremes. Research conducted through the International Water Management Institute’s Digital Innovations for Water Secure Africa (DIWASA) project shows that more needs to be done to improve river discharge estimation in Africa.
The assessment found a need for more observed discharge data. Strengthening the hydrological modeling landscape across Africa requires enhanced monitoring networks and collaborative data-sharing agreements between countries. Training local researchers, water managers, and decision-makers in the latest modelling techniques and fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange across stakeholders can lead to improved model development and validation.
The review noted the existing biases in global monitoring networks. For instance, the Niger River, which flows through several countries in West Africa, is underrepresented in terms of monitoring infrastructure, especially when compared to rivers in the Global North. This lack of data severely hampers the calibration and validation of hydrological models tailored to this river system.
The assessment also found discrepancies in modeling. For instance, modelling data on the Congo Basin, which faces challenges related to deforestation and mining activities, do not accurately reflect these human activities. This creates discrepancies in discharge estimations which amplifies the discrepancies between modelled and observed discharges.
Recommendations include the use of a monitoring system involving local communities in data collection and decision making, supported by global data centres, enhanced regional data sharing and strengthened transboundary cooperation.
Read the State of continental discharge estimation and modelling: challenges and opportunities for Africa
